Longmeida [Know Stone Forum] No. 4: And Stone

the popularization of stone knowledge, interpretation of distinguished value. Longmeida Stone Group focuses on providing environmentally friendly boutique Seiko stone solutions for high-end hotel mansions, creating classics and inheriting preciousness. In order to better exchange and share the beauty of stone, Longmeida WeChat Public Number regularly launches a series of articles on "Knowing Stone Forum" to create a new era of stone with everyone. The material content of the article mainly comes from the Internet and is edited by Longmeida. The theoretical viewpoints and any facts involved are for reference only.

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depression: the phenomenon of large area depression and downward bending of rock formation under force, and obvious disc-shaped defects on the surface during processing.

Baihua (pantothenine): white powder or lime-like hard blocks formed by the reaction between alkali in cement and minerals in stone under the action of water.

cleaning pad: a plastic fiber sheet, mainly used for stone cleaning and wax surface polishing, mirror (crystal surface) polishing.

porphyritic structure: there are crystalline particles of different sizes in the rock, large particles are called phenomorphic crystals, and small particles are called matrix.

scrap: Small pieces of stone discarded during mining and processing or fragments or fragments separated from the stone.

acrylic protective agent: the use of acrylic as the main raw material of stone protective agent, the surface is easy to film, deepen the stone color, plastic light.

disease: specially developed for various stone diseases. Such as: rust remover, wax layer stripper, algae and mold remover, decontamination paste, degreasing paste, etc.

wavy surface: roughly the same as litchi surface, but with deep depressions, large dots and strong stereoscopic impression.

pineapple noodle board: a board with a surface appearance like pineapple peel.

sheet: granite and marble slabs with thickness less than or equal to 12mm.

ultra-thin plate: granite and marble slabs with a thickness of less than 8mm.

Dust Push: A daily maintenance tool for stone, consisting of a sleeve and a rod frame, usually used in combination with electrostatic water.

Film-forming protective agent: after construction, the effective ingredients form a protective layer after the stone surface conjunctiva, which will deepen the stone color and have plastic light on the surface.

output rate: the percentage rate of the quantity of finished products and raw materials used in the stone processing process.

window sleeve: a line installed at the window to form the window arch.

Hammering plate: rough facing panel made of hammer.

rough decorative plate (rough panel): a flat and rough surface with a more regular processing stripes of the plate.

large hypotenuse: hypotenuse longer than 14mm.

chamfering: the process of grinding the edge into a bevel.

isogranular structure: a structure in which the size of the main mineral particles in a rock is basically the same.

ground: also called the foundation, refers to the main color part of the stone, or the main color.

engraving plate: stone surface carved with a variety of patterns of plate.

fixed thickness: the process of processing stone into a specified thickness for polishing or bonding.

Freezing and thawing: The water in the stone is frozen and expanded when it is cold.

Chop Axe Plate: A rough veneer made from an axe.

oolitic structure: composed of spherical or ellipsoidal particles, the particle shape, size like fish eggs.

French edge: a small straight edge and 1/4 round edge connected together.

French chess piece edge: a small straight edge and 1/2 round edge connected together.

Tumble: The surface is smooth or slightly rough, and the corners are smooth and crushed.

refurb: An abrasive used in the grinding and polishing of stone, mainly composed of resin and diamond particles. The grinding plate is hard and thick, and is divided into different types according to the particle size and material.

anti-skid coefficient: the ratio of the tangential force to the vertical force when the object overcomes the maximum static friction force and just produces sliding.

mildew degeneration can:Stonethe ability to resist mold attack.

water resistance: the ability of the stone to resist moisture entering the interior of the stone through the pores.

anti-fouling: stone resistance to dirty juice (quality) erosion capacity.

antique stone: with a series of stone grinding brush polished out of the matte plate. Some antique stones are burned first and then polished with a series of abrasive brushes.

weathering: due to long-term wind and sun, rain erosion, biological damage and other effects, natural stone by the damage or change.

suture: A serrated, generally non-destructive curve in rock.

Handrail Line: Use as a line for the handrail.

fluorine silicon type protective agent: the use of silicone and fluorine compounds as the main raw material of the protective agent, usually antifouling ability is better than the general silicone protective agent.

axe chop: after the initial cutting, the stone is further processed to eliminate obvious saw marks, but the effect is not as good as that after polishing.

composite stone: a new type of decorative material made of ultra-thin stone as a decorative material and bonded with one or more other materials using structural adhesives.

compound straight flower line: the cross-sectional shape is a straight flower line composed of multiple arcs or steps.

Dry hanging: the decorative stone is directly fixed on the base surface of the wall column with corrosion-resistant metal components, and the cavity is not filled with mortar.

steel wool: stone surface cleaning and crystal surface processing, composed of numerous fine wire, there are thickness of the points.

functional protective agent: stone protective agent designed for certain specific functions.

pendant: used to fix the stone plate or fixed special-shaped stone fixed parts or parts, these stones are usually used as wall cladding or lining.

grouting: firstly, the stone is fixed on the wall with steel wire and pin key, and then the cement mortar is poured into the gap between the stone and the wall.

Gloss: The degree to which the surface of the veneer sheet reflects visible light.

specifications: meet the standard specifications of the waste material.

roller coating: the construction method of coating the stone curing agent on the stone surface with a roller.

Begonia edge: It is composed of two vertical small edges and a round edge less than 1/4 in the middle.

pattern: the image presented by the composition, structure and structure of the stone.

chemical corrosion: the damage caused by corrosive chemicals to the stone.

material: made of wool by processing, with a certain specification, used for processing facing plate stone.

waste material rate: the ratio of the total volume of waste material that meets the requirements to the volume of the ore body in the set volume of the ore body, expressed as a percentage. Divided into graphic waste rate, trial mining waste rate and production waste rate.

macula: yellow stains produced by stone after being contaminated by external substances or reacting with cement.

recovery: The process of separating ore from an ore body.

fire surface: this surface is mainly used for indoor such as flooring or commercial building finishes, labor costs are higher. After high temperature heating, rapid cooling forms a fire surface. Usually granite.

machine gun plate: a rough-faced veneer made by the machine gun method.

chicken beak line: open a "v" groove on the edge of the board called chicken beak, "u" called duck beak.

weight block: stone refurbishment machine counterweight iron block.

shear: stone in the installation of high and low error between the plate.

see light edge: two adjacent edge polished in more than 80 °.

pouring: a construction method of first filling the stone curing agent with a container, and then pouring the stone surface from top to bottom.

adhesive paste: a method of directly pasting stone with viscose.

foot line: a flower line installed at the same place.

diamond: stone in the grinding process used in an abrasive, mainly by the iron disc and diamond welding.

soaking: a construction method in which the stone curing agent is poured into the soaking tank, and then the stone is put in and allowed to penetrate completely.

crystal face: the process of re-lattice the surface of stone with a crystal face agent under the action of heat energy converted from mechanical energy.

: In the process of converting mechanical energy into heat energy, the stone surface re-lattice to achieve the effect of hardening and brightening of a liquid.

crystal hard powder: a kind of stone maintenance material, under the action of heat energy, can greatly increase the hardness and luminosity of the stone.

crystal hardening agent: in the case of mechanical polishing, can be with the stone surface crystal crystal hard reaction, so that the stone surface re lattice and achieve the effect of a liquid hardening and brightening.

mirror: the use of some physical or chemical methods to make the stone surface gloss to achieve the effect of bright as a mirror.

mirror plate (polished plate): a flat surface, with a mirror gloss plate.

sawing: The process of processing blocks into wool boards.

slotting: a pit of a certain depth and width is opened on the board.

Cracking: Usually cut by hand or in a mine to expose the natural cracking surface of the stone. This surface treatment is mainly used for slate.

frost resistance: the ability of rock to resist freeze-thaw damage.

anti-aging properties: the ability of stone to resist natural ultraviolet radiation and other physical and chemical damage.

Water pressure resistance: The pressure that the stone withstands when moisture enters the stone through the pores.

pits: deep depressions formed during processing.

hollowing: the interface phenomenon caused by poor adhesion between stone and cement.

hole: a naturally formed pit with a certain depth.

Massive structure: a structure in which minerals in rocks are arranged in an unordered and evenly distributed manner.

drawing surface: also called plane surface, use saw blade or special grinding wheel to pull out shallow groove or groove on the stone surface, which can play a special texture of anti-skid and texture.

Railing Line: A line used as a railing.

aging: natural ultraviolet radiation and other physical and chemical factors on the stone caused by damage.

edge: the intersection line between the decorative surface and the side of the stone product.

Angular defects: damage to edges and corners of facing panels.

litchi surface plate: a plate formed by knocking on the surface with a hammer shaped like litchi skin, thus forming a rough surface shaped like litchi skin on the stone surface.

material stone: a stone made of wool with certain specifications and used for masonry buildings.

crack: A crack formed on the rock by vibration or weathering during mining. There are grain cracks and intercracks, which refer to shorter and shallower cracks on the material stone; intercracks refer to longer and deeper cracks.

stream surface structure: lamellar minerals (mica, etc.), platy minerals (feldspar, etc.), flat xenoliths and isolated bodies in magma are arranged in layers and bands. The direction of stream surface development represents the tectonic surface where the rock is easy to split and the direction of the sawing surface during processing.

Streamline Structure: The long-shaped minerals (amphibole, etc.), long-shaped xenoliths and isolated bodies in the rock are arranged in a long-axis orientation, generally parallel to the flow direction of magma. The streamline direction represents the direction in which the rock is easily split.

Dresses: The original fractures formed in various mineralization periods in the material stone, most of which are sandwiched with a thin layer of clay, mostly dark yellow in color. There are dark yellow or even black locks in the material stone, which has a great influence on the quality of its products.

longan surface plate: a plate shaped like a dragon's eyelid is formed by staggered knocking on the stone surface with a line-shaped hammer.

Roman column: composed of columns and eaves. The column can be divided into three parts: column foundation, column body and column head (column cap). Roman column was originally a traditional ancient Greek building, but now it mainly imitates the special lines and lines of European ancient Roman architecture.

wool board: a board made of waste material sawing.

Mao board: there is a polished wool board with mirror effect.

wool: irregularly shaped stone separated directly from the mine.

door line: installed at the door to form the door arch line.

edging plate: a plate ground into a geometric shape on one edge of the plate.

polishing: the process of processing the surface of the rough plate into a flat and smooth.

Mushroom Surface Plate: The surface is hammered with a chisel and hammer to form an undulating mountain-shaped plate.

fire resistance limit: building components according to the time-temperature standard curve of fire resistance test, from the role of fire, to lose the ability to support or integrity is destroyed or lose the role of the fire, the time, expressed in hours.

Alkali resistance: the performance of decorative stone to resist alkali corrosion.

Wear resistance: The wear resistance of facing stone, expressed as the amount of wear per unit area of dry rock under specified conditions.

acid resistance: decorative stone resistance to acid corrosion performance.

typesetting: ground pre-paving to achieve the effect of chasing patterns or to coordinate the overall tone of decorative patterns.

polishing: The process of processing the surface of a fine panel to have a mirror gloss.

spray gun: one of the tools used for stone surface protection treatment, generally low pressure type.

sandblasting board: with emery as auxiliary material, under a certain pressure will be sprayed into the surface of the stone plate.

sandblasting surface: a process effect made by stone sandblasting machine. According to the hardness of the stone, the air flow can be adjusted to reach the required depth and uniformity.

spraying: the construction method of applying the stone curing agent to the stone surface with a low pressure spray gun.

splitting: in the stone surface for rough processing of random processing surface.

gneiss structure: a structure in which minerals in rocks are oriented.

skimming bottom: the long (or wide) side of the plate is cut off at a certain angle on the bottom surface in the thickness direction.

skimming: the process of cutting a certain angle on the upper surface of the long (or wide) side of the plate in the thickness direction.

flatness: the degree of smoothness of the polished surface of the veneer sheet.

Plane Straight Line: The decorative surface is a flat straight line.

general plate: also known as standard plate, specification plate, shaping plate, is a specified thickness, and after grinding or polishing according to the provisions of the square area cut granite or marble plate.

warping: bending of decorative sheet.

cutting: The process of processing a plate into a certain size.

Solvent-based protective agent: the use of oil-soluble solute and solvent as the main material of stone protective agent, insoluble in water, strong penetration, a certain smell, flammable.

mottling line: stripe-like strip or spot-like substance that is not in harmony with the basic color and pattern of the facing stone.

color difference: The color difference between decorative stone plates.

sand sawing processing: by the combination of saws and cold steel grit processing into the appearance of random grooves and striated surface.

blisters: Naturally formed pits of a certain depth.

glaze: glaze material coated on the stone surface, in order to improve the stone gloss effect.

penetration type protective agent: after the construction of effective ingredients from the stone pores after the formation of effective protective barrier, not film, to maintain the stone breathing ability.

permeability repair: the use of sol, joinery wax and certain polymers to fill the stone small area defects, such as pores, sand holes and other work.

wire saw processing: by wire saw processing into the appearance of a straight line and (or) curve groove shape of the surface.

wet paste: a method of directly paving decorative stone with cement mortar. At present, it is generally used for ground construction.

Stone disease: refers to the phenomenon that under the influence of certain factors, the structure, performance, color and other aspects of the stone are affected or changed, and its decorative effect has declined or disappeared.

stone protection: after some stone protective agent is applied to the stone surface, the stone has the functions of waterproof, antifouling, acid and alkali resistance, anti-aging, anti-freezing and thawing, anti-biological erosion, so as to improve the service life and decorative effect of the stone.

stone care: is a stone for the follow-up services arising from the emerging industry, including stone protection, renovation, leveling, polishing, disease treatment, cleaning, daily maintenance and other content.

stone wax: a water-soluble low molecular organic sealing material, coated on the stone surface can form a cover layer to protect the substrate. But the hardness is low, easy to change color.

stone cleaning: the use of physical tools or chemical agents to clean the stone surface dust or other dirt (quality).

stone conservation: is a stone for the follow-up services arising from the emerging industry, including stone protection, renovation, leveling, polishing, disease treatment, cleaning, daily maintenance and other content.

Trial mining area: within the specified range, the experimental mining of the ore body is carried out to determine the mining method and determine the waste material rate.

facing plate: with decorative stone processing into the plate, used as the building's interior and exterior wall surface, ground, cylinder, table, etc.

First mining area: the first mining section and its scope.

resin type polishing liquid: composed of high quality resin materials, coated on the stone surface, the formation of high hardness, high brightness coating.

water spot: the siliceous material in the stone reacts with the alkali in the cement to form a wet mark formed by a gelatinous material that is extremely absorbent.

water impact plate: the water impact of the plate surface distribution of small holes and pits, the basic color of the stone.

water scraping: used for stone cleaning or refurbishing, consisting of rubber strips, rubber clips and handles.

: Stone in the grinding process used in an abrasive, mainly composed of resin and diamond particles. The grinding plate is soft and has a small thickness. It is divided into different types according to the particle size and material.

washing surface: also called water washing surface, a high-pressure water jet stone surface, resulting in the treatment of the mechanism.

water-based protective agent: the use of water-soluble solute and water-soluble solvent or completely water-based protective agent, soluble in water, penetration is weaker than the solvent-based protective agent, the smell is small or odorless, non-flammable.

acid etching: The formation of old surfaces by acid etching.

step straight flower line: the decorative surface is the straight flower line of the step.

caulking: use caulking glue or other caulking material to fill the gap of stone.

banded structure: a structure in which bands of different colors are arranged in different structures and mineral grains in rocks.

bending strength: the stress value that the specimen can bear when it is bent to failure.

Bent Line: Extends a flower line whose trajectory is a curve.

stain: foreign matter formed by primary and secondary contamination of the board.

Smear: The trace formed by colored pollution to the stone.

eaves line: A line installed at the eaves.

seamless renovation: first fill all stone gaps with resin, and then the stone surface renovation.

water absorption rate: expressed by the ratio of the mass of rock absorbed water to the mass of dry rock.

fine surface plate (grinding plate): a smooth surface of the plate.

small hypotenuse: hypotenuse less than 14mm long.

agreement board: the board agreed by both parties.

agreement material: the specification of waste material agreed by both parties.

compression strength: the stress value of the specimen subjected to one-way compression force and failure.

matt plate: smooth surface, low luminosity plate.

grinding: the use of mechanical and abrasive processing stone surface.

waist line: a flower line installed at the waist of the wall.

special-shaped stone: through carving, grinding, cutting or other methods into a special non-planar shape of stone.

Amorphous structure: a structure with very fine crystalline components that can only be resolved under a microscope.

Oily protective agent: the use of oil-soluble solute and solvent as the main material of stone protective agent, insoluble in water, strong penetration, strong smell, flammable, generally toxic.

Silicone protective agent: the use of silicone as the main raw material of stone curing agent.

Arc plate: a curved plate with a certain radius and arc length, which can be spliced to form a cylinder, an elliptical cylinder or other columns.

arc straight position flower line: straight position flower line whose cross-sectional shape is arc.

recrystallization hardening treatment: some chemical special materials under the action of machinery by means of the heat generated when friction, and stone surface structure and organization to produce a combination and micro rheological reaction, resulting in a new texture more hard and bright blend crystallization layer, in order to improve the hardness and wear resistance of stone.

bonding repair: refers to the general use of joint pin and epoxy resin glue on the broken plate of the butt edge of the repair work.

leveling: Reduce the height error of the stone level by grinding.

overall grinding: stone decoration construction engineering in an installation or renovation process, after the completion of the installation of the stone ground and then the overall surface treatment, can effectively reduce the stone surface installation process requirements, eliminate the joint height difference, keep the stone bright flat and other characteristics.

Straight Line: A flower line whose extension trajectory is a straight line.

corner line: Line used for wall corners or pillar corners.

decorative line (decorative strip): a continuous groove on the surface or along the edge of the stone plate, used to achieve decorative purposes or highlight the connection position.

chasing pattern: the end-to-end connection of natural stone patterns.

natural face: naturally formed face without any treatment.

natural splitting: an irregular low-relief rough surface formed by splitting along layers, bedding or cracks in the stone.

Comprehensive protective agent: mainly refers to the protective agent with the functions of waterproof, anti-oil, anti-fouling, acid and alkali resistance, anti-aging, anti-freeze-thaw, anti-biological erosion, etc.

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