This article from the basic common sense, detection and analysis, design, processing, installation, protection, disease management, overall grinding, use and maintenance and other aspects, to share 88 more commonly used stone knowledge, for every stone and stone interested friends reference.
01 Q: What are the categories of natural stone?
answer: according to china's relevant standards, natural stone is divided into granite, marble, limestone, sandstone and slate five categories.
02 Q: Is China's natural stone classification consistent with the international?
answer: It is consistent.
03 Q: marble and hemp stone is what kind of stone varieties?
A: China's Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan area is usually called marble marble, granite is called hemp stone.
04 Q: What is the difference between marble and granite?
Answer: Marble is a metamorphic rock formed by the original rock in the crust through high temperature and high pressure in the crust. Its main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO?, accounting for more than 50%). Granite is a kind of tectonic rock formed by volcanic eruption of lava in a molten state under considerable pressure to the surface of the crust. Magma does not spit out of the ground, but slowly cools and solidifies under the ground. It belongs to magmatic rock (igneous rock), and its main component is silica (SiO?, accounting for more than 66%).
05 Q: artificial stone is divided into several categories?
Answer: At present, there is no unified standard for artificial stone in China, but it is usually divided into four categories: resin type artificial stone, composite artificial stone, cement type artificial stone and sintered artificial stone.
06 Q: what is the culture stone stone?
answer: cultural stone is a general term for a class of stone with natural original style and decorative effect, which is divided into two categories of natural and artificial, of which the natural class is mainly composed of slate and sandstone.
07 Q: What physical and chemical characteristics of stone indicators have practical significance for us?
Answer: Volume density, hardness, compressive strength, bending strength, deformation in dry and wet states, water absorption, acid and alkali resistance, weatherability, etc.
08 Q: What is the role of stone testing for stone applications?
Answer: Through the detection of stone-related projects, the physical and chemical characteristics of such stone can be analyzed and determined to determine whether it can be used as building decoration materials.
09 Q: What items of stone testing have practical value for the decoration industry?
Answer: Volume density, hardness, compressive strength, bending strength, deformation in dry and wet states, water absorption, acid and alkali resistance, weatherability, etc.
10 Q: What is stone analysis?
Answer: Stone analysis is based on stone-related testing data, physical and chemical structure defect compensation possibility, mine condition, processability and other factors to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of stone, to assess the value and availability of stone in architectural decoration applications.
11 Q: What is the relationship between stone analysis and decoration industry?
Answer: Stone Analysis From the perspective of stone application, on the basis of testing the physical and chemical structural characteristics of the stone itself, it analyzes and studies whether the defects of the stone itself can be compensated in the later period and the compensation cost, and investigates and evaluates the mine conditions, material yield, processability, etc. that affect the supply factors of batch stable stone products. The results of the above work are of interest to the decoration industry, as they are closely related to the building decoration industry, which is one of the biggest beneficiaries of the above findings.
12 Q: Stone dry and wet two state deformation test is what?
answer: is the use of testing equipment for stone in two different conditions of dry and wet deformation test. According to the size of the deformation of the stone deformation classification, for the ground stone to choose different bonding process and materials to provide accurate basis.
13 Q: stone protective agent need to detect what indicators?
Answer: water absorption, alkali resistance, anti-aging, permeability, freeze-thaw resistance, recoating, harmful substance content and VOC content.
14 Q: What is the significance of the recoatability of stone protectors?
Answer: First of all, the protective function of the stone protective agent will be partially lost over time in carbonated stone such as marble. Secondly, the protective function of stone protection products will also decline due to the impact of the natural environment, such as aging. If the above protective function of the stone surface decreases, the stone shall be coated with protective agent or protected again in time.
15 Q: Is the anti-alkaline detection of back-coated stone protectants important?
answer: very important, anti alkaline bad back protection is difficult to play a protective role.
16 Q: What is the use of water resistance test of stone protective agent?
Answer: It is mainly to test the anti-water pressure effect of stone protection, which is one of the important testing items for closed stone protection products.
17 Q: What is the practical significance of the anti-aging detection of stone protectants?
Answer: It is one of the important testing items for stone protection products. It is one of the important standards to measure the quality of stone protection products and an important factor affecting the price of stone protection products.
18 Q: stone comprehensive analysis by what kind of work?
Answer: Stone decorative analysis, stone physical and chemical characteristics analysis, stone mine condition and material output condition analysis, workability and material yield analysis, natural defect repairability analysis, durability analysis, market stock analysis, installation and maintenance of special needs analysis, etc.
19 Q: stone comprehensive analysis of stone design can play what role?
Answer: There are mainly five considerations for the design of which stone to choose: one is to consider the appearance of the stone such as color, pattern and texture, because it will affect the overall decorative effect; The second is to consider the physical and chemical characteristics of the stone, the compensability of natural defects and the convenience of later maintenance, because it will seriously affect the satisfaction of the use function; the third is to consider from the aspects of mine condition, waste material reserve and processability, because they can directly affect the quality, delivery period and price of stone products. Fourth, considering from the aspects of market stock, the relationship between design size and waste material size, and the ability of processing enterprises, this aspect will affect the processing quality, speed and price of stone. Fifth, considering from the aspects of stone installation technology and materials, this aspect will affect the installation quality and decorative effect of the stone. The above five factors, in addition to the first factor can be directly judged by the designer by visual, other aspects should be completed by professionals using professional knowledge, equipment and experience. The work in these aspects is precisely the key work of comprehensive analysis of stone utilization.
20 Q: What are the problems that are easy to produce when designing stone puzzles with large differences in soft hardness for use on the ground?
Answer: Due to the large difference in hardness, it is easy to cause the problem of poor grinding flatness on site when cutting the mouth. Due to the large difference in hardness, it will lead to different degrees of wear in the use process, which will make it difficult for the overall effect in the later period to meet the design requirements, and bring great difficulties to the later maintenance, resulting in an increase in the use and maintenance cost. If it is a dense seam design, it is easy to produce edge collapse and arch phenomenon.
21 Q: Stone ground seam design is reasonable?
answer: unreasonable. Because the stone expansion coefficient, processing error, construction error can not be digested.
22 Q: How to solve the problem of 45 splicing defects at the male angle of the wall?
answer: it is best to choose l type, c type corner line.
23 Q: What is a good way to deal with the gaps between the walls and floors of wet spaces such as toilets and bathrooms?
answer: it is best to choose the corner line to solve.
24 Q: Is it reasonable to use a hole stone that does not fill the hole in the ground design?
answer: unreasonable. It is easy to hide dirt, not easy to do daily cleaning, but also easy to cause stone damage.
25 Q: In large public construction, how to solve the common problem of using rough surface stone in ground design?
Answer: The common common problems of woolen stone are mainly manifested in aspects, one is permeable pollution, and the other is frictional pollution. The solution to prevent the above two types of pollution is to use a grinding brush to grind off the sharp part of the stone surface, and then use the stone protective agent to protect the stone surface.
26 Q: In large public construction, how to solve the common common problem of using matt stone in ground design?
Answer: The common common problems of matte stone are: the gloss of the stone surface is not uniform and looks flowered; Easy to form pollution and difficult to maintain; Lack of crystalline products for curing matte stone, etc. The solution to the above problems is: select the density of uniform stone, so as to avoid the phenomenon of uneven gloss; before installation, the surface of the matte stone is protected; select the matte stone crystal maintenance products.
27 Q: On the basis of glass curtain wall is not designed waterproof measures, what is the impact on the indoor ground stone?
Answer: When the outdoor rain is too much, it will penetrate into the indoor through the grass-roots level, and will damage the indoor ground stone, such as water spots, macula, etc.
28 Q: In the water wall, pool around the design structure is not waterproof, what is the impact on the surrounding stone?
Answer: First of all, it will make the surrounding stone under the grass-roots level in a wet state for a long time. This wet phenomenon will lead to stone lesions and cannot be treated.
29 Q: What is the impact of structural water leakage on stone?
Answer: structural leakage will lead to the stone under the grass-roots long-term wet state, this wet phenomenon will lead to a variety of stone lesions, such as water spots, macula, oxidation and so on. And the lesions that occur cannot be cured.
30 Q: Is the problem of stone protection a single choice of protective agent, or is it a systematic problem from the aspects of stone characteristics, use location, installation method, selection of protective products to protective treatment?
Answer: Because the above five factors have an impact on the stone protection effect, so stone protection is a system problem, and can not only be understood as a protective agent selection problem.
31 Q: What kind of stone is not suitable for the ground of public buildings with large flow of people?
answer: low hardness, low density, containing a large number of flaky mica, physical fold line of stone.
32 Q: What kind of stone is not suitable for locations that often encounter water, such as bathroom floors, countertops and bathtub panels?
Answer: Sandstone, limestone and stone with high iron content that is easy to be oxidized should be avoided. Stone with low mud, calcium sulfate and other impurities, dense and uniform material and few natural defects such as stone lines, stone spots and local damage should be selected.
33 Q: What type of stone is not suitable for outdoor wall?
answer: acid resistance, weatherability of poor stone, such as marble, limestone, sandstone and so on.
34 Q: What is the impact of floor heating on the stone?
Answer: Due to the structural characteristics of ground heating, the compressive strength of the surface stone is required to be high, the thermal expansion coefficient of the stone is required to be low, the structure of the stone is required to be uniform, and there cannot be a large number of structural defects such as physical broken lines.
35 Q: Can the national stone product standards meet the needs of China's decoration projects?
Answer: It can meet the general standards of decoration engineering, but cannot meet the special standards of decoration engineering.
36 Q: For major projects, is it necessary to develop separate product order acceptance criteria?
A: If you need to improve the acceptance criteria of the project, you need to develop a separate product order acceptance criteria.
37 Q: What should be the standard for assessing the scale of stone processing enterprises?
Answer: The rationality of the scale and configuration of processing equipment; Auxiliary design ability; Deep processing and innovation ability; Mining and control ability of waste materials and large plates; Past successful cases; Comprehensive management capabilities such as quality control, etc.
38 Q: Stone processing enterprises of different sizes have any impact on the quality and delivery time of stone processing?
Answer: It has a great impact on the qualification, stability and error correction ability of stone processing quality, and there is a great difference in the timeliness and continuity of supply of stone that meets the standards.
39 Q: excellent stone processing enterprises reflected in those aspects?
Answer: The control and exclusive ability of stone blocks, design and innovation ability, deep processing ability, reasonable allocation of equipment and talents, control ability of quality and production capacity, excellent cases undertaken, geographical location advantages, etc.
40 Q: What should stone processing enterprises pay attention to when dealing with stone protection?
answer: the choice of stone protection products, stone drying environment, stone deformation correction, stone protective agent brushing, stone protection effect inspection.
41 Q: How to avoid serious deformation of stone before installation?
Answer: In the stone drying process, avoid sun exposure or the use of rapid heating methods; use the correct packaging, transportation and stacking methods.
42 Q: There is no problem with the stone before and after installation for a period of time, but why do a lot of cracks appear after a period of use?
Answer: Because the stone has physical fold line or dark crack, under the action of the shrinkage force of dry hard mortar, the physical fold line or dark crack is cracked.
43 Q: Why does the stone have a large number of convex and concave damage after a period of time?
Answer: Because there are a large number of mud impurities such as calcium sulfate in this kind of stone, these impurities will produce oxidation reaction after meeting with water, resulting in loose material, volume expansion, and finally peeling phenomenon, resulting in a large number of concave and convex damage on the surface of the stone.
44 Q: Which process is the most labor-saving correction for stone deformation?
answer: large deformation, brush protective agent before the most labor-saving correction. Small deformation, the most labor-saving correction in stone installation.
45 Q: Why is artificial quartz stone prone to large area hollowing phenomenon?
Answer: There are two main reasons. One is the large amount of deformation and deformation force caused by artificial quartz stone itself. Second, due to the low water absorption of artificial quartz stone, resulting in a serious decline in the adhesion with the traditional paving material dry hard mortar.
46 Q: large size stone pavement should pay attention to what matters?
Answer: Check the leveling condition of the stone, adjust the form of dry hard mortar, pay attention to the compaction method of the stone, change the bonding method in case of special varieties of stone, and adopt local pressing method to adjust the deformation of the stone during paving, etc.
47 Q: Stone deformation, can be corrected in the pavement deformation?
Answer: Under normal circumstances, it can be corrected, but it may not completely digest the deformation and consume more working hours.
48 Q: There is a phenomenon of shearing after the installation of wall stone. Can it be ground?
Answer: Yes, but due to the limitation of equipment, the construction personnel have higher technical requirements and are more labor-consuming.
49 Q: ground stone pavement, stone cracking can be repaired?
Answer: Yes, but if there is a hollowing phenomenon at the same time, it is meaningless to only repair cracks.
50 Q: ground stone hollow drum phenomenon is how to cause?
Answer: There are many factors that lead to hollowing of ground stone, such as extremely low water absorption of stone, improper protection of stone back, falling off of stone back net, unreal pavement vibration, load during pavement maintenance, etc.
51 Q: After the ground stone is paved, can the phenomenon of empty drum be repaired?
Answer: Yes, but it is time-consuming and costly.
52 q: marble back net should be removed, how to remove?
A: It is recommended to remove it. If it is difficult to remove it, an angle grinder can be used for tic-tac-toe grinding.
53 Q: After the removal of the marble back net, will it increase the damage of the stone?
A: It is possible, but with the exception of special varieties, the general breakage rate does not increase much.
54 Q: When marble paving, can white cement be hung on the back of the stone to avoid the phenomenon of blackening of the stone?
Answer: It can reduce the black phenomenon, but the adhesion will decrease, and this method is not a perfect solution.
55 Q: In the north, it is easy to crack when paving stone on the floor heating. How can we avoid it?
Answer: First of all, we should choose the stone with less cracks and high tensile strength. Secondly, we should strictly control the tensile strength of the ground heating insulation material and the covering layer, and choose the correct paving method and material.
56 Q: What are the classification of stone protection products?
Answer: There are mainly the following sub-methods: from the main component classification of protective agents; From the protective agent diluent type classification; From the product function classification; From the product use location classification; From the protection principle classification. The details can also be classified from the molecular weight and the length of the carbon chain after polymerization.
57 Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of solvent-based stone protection products?
Answer: Good dispersion, strong penetration, large operating temperature range, strong weather resistance, and recoatability. Silane siloxane and organic fluorine cannot be completely replaced by water agent. The deficiency is that there is a certain smell, the adhesion with cement mortar is large, flammable, and the cost is high.
58 Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of water-based stone protection products?
answer: safety, environmental protection, and cement mortar bonding force decreased small. The problem is that the dispersion is poor, the penetration force is not as good as the solvent type protective agent, and it does not have recoating properties.
59 Q: What are the requirements for stone repellent for stone facade?
Answer: Do not change the color and texture of the stone (except for special requirements), strong permeability, strong anti-pollution ability, strong anti-aging ability, and recoating.
60 Q: What are the requirements for stone protectors on the back of the stone?
Answer: Strong impermeability, strong alkali resistance, and small or no decrease in the bonding force with cement mortar.
61 Q: How to identify the quality of stone protection products?
Answer: First, through the relevant detection of the corresponding stone, and then the pavement simulation experiment.
62 Q: what is breathable stone protective agent?
answer: in order to reduce the size of the pores in the stone for the protection principle of a class of stone protective agent.
63 Q: What is closed stone protectant?
answer: in order to close the pores in the stone for the protection principle of a class of stone protective agent.
64 q: how to prevent the back of the stone painted stone protective agent produced after the empty drum phenomenon?
answer: one is to choose and cement mortar adhesive force decreased or not decreased on the back of the stone protective agent for brushing. Two is in the decline of large stone protective agent after brushing, and then sanding to increase the bonding area, to prevent the phenomenon of hollowing.
65 Q: How to check the anti-alkali effect of stone protection at the construction site?
answer: do simulated pavement experiment.
66 Q: After the stone has been protected, why does it still produce water spots and yellowing?
Answer: First, the protection failed and failed to effectively protect. Second, the protective agent is not brushed or the stone is temporarily changed in size, and some parts are not protected in place.
67 Q: What should be paid attention to when there is often water in the bathroom?
Answer: closed stone protection products should be selected to avoid pathological changes caused by long-term pressure water on stone.
68 Q: Why white marble has been protected, but after a period of use, there will be yellowing phenomenon?
Answer: First, some ingredients in these white stones are very easy to produce oxidation reaction to form yellowing phenomenon when they meet water. Second, before we protect the stone, the stone has absorbed some water, which gradually occurs in the later use of oxidation reaction, resulting in yellowing phenomenon.
69 Q: Can the stone with color difference be adjusted by dyeing?
Answer: The background color difference is adjusted by dyeing, and the effect is obvious. Color difference through dyeing adjustment, the effect is not obvious. There are individual stone varieties of color, through dyeing adjustment effect is not obvious.
70 Q: Dyed stone will fade?
Answer: Reactive dyes are generally not easy to fade. Due to a large amount of ultraviolet rays, the fading will generally be faster outdoors and slower indoors.
71 q: stone in the stone line, stone can be removed?
answer: can only use physical methods to remove.
72 q: stone pavement after the appearance of water spots can be removed?
Answer: Generally, it can be removed or reduced, but if there is water intrusion for a long time, it is difficult to remove the water spots.
73 Q: Can the macula that appears after the stone pavement be removed?
Answer: Generally, it can be removed, but there are also some phenomena that cannot be removed.
74 Q: Can the oil spots on the stone be removed?
answer: basic can remove, hydraulic oil spots, perennial oil spots are difficult to remove.
75 Q: Can the stains from the dry hanging adhesive be removed?
Answer: Generally, it can be removed, but when the dry hanging glue cannot be completely cured, the glue mark cannot be removed.
76 Q: What are the factors that affect the overall grinding quality of stone?
Answer: Stone damage repair, overall grinding flatness, overall grinding grinding quality and crystallization hardening quality.
77 Q: What are the necessary conditions for an excellent stone conservation professional company?
Answer: Should have the technical ability and rich experience of stone repair and disease management; Should be equipped with a certain number of large-scale grinding equipment and various special equipment; Should have a certain process innovation ability; Should have a certain number of technical construction personnel with professional skills; Should also have an excellent management team.
78 Q: What are the factors that affect the overall price of stone grinding?
Answer: The degree and scale of specialization of the construction company, the quality requirements of the construction, the quality requirements of the materials, the difficulty of construction, the payment method and the integrity of the payer, etc.
79 Q: What are the factors that affect the overall grinding period of stone?
Answer: The professional scale and equipment configuration of the construction company; The professional management level of the construction company; The characteristics and complexity of the ground stone; Construction environmental conditions, etc.
80 Q: Why does the whole stone appear wave phenomenon after grinding?
Answer: There are many factors that affect the overall grinding flatness of stone, such as stone characteristics, seamless design, stone paving quality, grinding quality, etc.
81 Q: Why is the overall grinding of the stone after the gloss is not up to the level before grinding?
answer: improper grinding process or grinding quality problems.
82 Q: Why is the stone after the overall grinding along the stone edge of the water spot phenomenon?
Answer: Improper or no protection of stone side facade, false pressure of stone gap, excessive grinding of stone gap, etc.
83 Q: After the stone is ground as a whole, what is the reason for a layer of pollutants on the stone surface?
Answer: After grinding, the drying time is not enough, there is moisture precipitation, and a pollution layer is formed on the surface of the stone.
84 Q: What is the reason for the general yellowing of the stone surface after the overall grinding of the stone?
answer: stone protection is not in place, stone surface oxidation phenomenon.
85 Q: improper use of the owners, what adverse effects will have on the ground stone?
Answer: A large number of scratches on the ground stone, ground stone damage, ground stone pollution, serious loss of light and frictional pollution, etc.
86 Q: improper cleaning of the owners, what adverse effects will have on the stone?
Answer: The formation of permeable pollution, stone surface loss of light or corrosion, stone surface formation of friction pollution, pollution area is expanded.
87 Q: improper maintenance of the owners, what adverse effects will have on the ground stone?
Answer: The corrosive effect on the stone will cause the stone to be damaged after a long time, and the small damage will lead to the large damage, etc.
88 Q: owners can not be regularly maintained on time, what adverse effects will have on the ground stone?
Answer: serious decline in gloss, scratch phenomenon, friction pollution, damage phenomenon, etc.
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